Problems 1-2
These problems review the essential ideas for this section.

Problems 3-10
See Example 3.

Problems 11-16
See Example 4.

Problems 17-22
See Example 5.

Problems 23-24; 26-27
See Examples 1 and 5.

Problem 25
See Examples 1 and 4.

Problem 28
Note that the odds given on a tote board are for a horse losing. Read the example at the end of this question.

Problems 29-34
See Example 8.

Problems 35
See Example 8.

Problem 36
List the sample space in part a first. Then, use this sample space and the definition of probability for the other parts. Note with part e that if you also include the possibility of 2 girls and 2 boys, the sum is 1 because that takes care of the entire sample space.

Problems 37-39
See Example 6.

Problems 40-45
See Example 7.

Problems 46-51
See Example 7.

Problem 52
Use Figure 9.7 to determine the altered sample space and then use the definition of probability (see Example 6).

Problem 53
Use Figure 9.7 and find the odds in favor by following Example 1.

Problem 54
See Example 2. See if you can be original with your visualization.

Problem 55
Begin with the given ratio and then apply the definition of probability to each. Algebraically simplify and the result should be the formula for the odds against an event.

Problems 56-57
These problems show an application of the material of this section to the real world. There is no right or wrong answer for Problem 57. Just be as thoughtful as you can be when answering this question.

Note: Homework Hints are given only for the levels 1 and 2 problems. You can also check some sources for homework help on the Internet (see Links, below), or you can call the author at (707) 829-0606 or send an e-mail to: smithkjs@mathnature.com