Properties of Inequality
Check out this site for some examples solving linear inequalities.
http://regentsprep.org/Regents/math/solvin/LSolvIn.htm

Archimedes
Did you notice the Historical Perspective at the beginning of this section? Archimedes is one of the mathematicians in history. If you want some additional information, you can check out this site.
http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Archimedes.html