There are multitude of wonderful sources of history on the world wide web. This is one of the best all around sites that I have found. It is titled "The MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive."
http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/

Here is another very good historical site:
http://aleph0.clarku.edu/~djoyce/mathhist/mathhist.html

This is an award-winning site that links to all sorts of mathematics information.
archives.math.utk.edu/

Earliest uses of various mathematical symbols:
http://members.aol.com/jeff570/mathsym.htm

History of Mathematics by Region:
http://aleph0.clarku.edu/~djoyce/mathhist/mathhist.html

History of Mathematics Chronologically:
http://aleph0.clarku.edu/~djoyce/mathhist/chronology.html#toc

We have divided this history of mathematics into six chronological periods, many of which are included at the following world wide web sites.

Egyptian, Babylonian and Native American Periods - 3000 BC to 601 BC

Mesopotamian Mathematics

http://aleph0.clarku.edu/~djoyce/mathhist/babylonia.html

www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/HistTopics/Babylonian_and_Egyptian.html

Egyptology Mathematics

www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/HistTopics/Babylonian_and_Egyptian.html

http://aleph0.clarku.edu/~djoyce/mathhist/egypt.html

Mayan Mathematics

http://www.michielb.nl/maya/math.html

Greek, Chinese, and Roman Periods - 600 BC to 499 AD

Greek Mathematics

http://aleph0.clarku.edu/~djoyce/mathhist/greece.html

http://radicalacademy.com/adiphilnaturalism.htm

www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/HistTopics/Greek_sources_1.html

Raphael's School of Athens:
http://un2sg4.unige.ch/athena/raphael/raf_ath4.html

Euclid:
http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/history/Mathematicians/Euclid.html

Apollonius:
http://-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Apollonius.html

Archimedes:
http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Archimedes.html

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Chinese Mathematics

http://aleph0.clarku.edu/~djoyce/mathhist/china.html

Japanese Mathematics

http://aleph0.clarku.edu/~djoyce/mathhist/japan.html

Hindu and Arabian Period - 500 to 1199

Indian Mathematics

http://aleph0.clarku.edu/~djoyce/mathhist/india.html

http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/HistTopics/Arabic_mathematics.html

Aryabhata:
http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Aryabhata_I.html

Bhaskara:
http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Bhaskara_II.html

Brahmagupta:
http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Brahmagupta.html

Arabic Mathematics

http://aleph0.clarku.edu/~djoyce/mathhist/arab.html

Al-Khwarizmi:
http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Alberti.html

Transition Period 1200 to 1599

European Mathematics

http://aleph0.clarku.edu/~djoyce/mathhist/europe.html

Alberti:
http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Alberti.html

Copernicus:
http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Copernicus.html

Century of Enlightenment - 1600 to 1699

Renaissance Mathematics

Renaissance Art and Mathematical Perspective:
http://www.mcm.edu/academic/galileo/ars/arshtml/renart1.html

Kepler:
http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Kepler.html

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